Ozempic, a widely used medication for weight loss and diabetes management, is raising new concerns among healthcare professionals. Recent research suggests that semaglutide, the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy, might increase the risk of a serious eye condition known as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). NAION occurs when blood flow to the optic nerve is interrupted, leading to sudden and painless vision loss, potentially resulting in blindness.

The study, published in JAMA Ophthalmology, found a potential link between semaglutide and NAION, prompting the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society to issue guidance. While the research suggests a possible association, it does not prove that semaglutide causes NAION. The researchers emphasized the need for further studies to understand whether this link is significant.

Participants in the study were either overweight, obese, or had type 2 diabetes, conditions that already increase the risk of NAION. Other common risk factors among the patients included heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep apnoea, making it challenging to determine if semaglutide itself is a direct cause.

Patients taking Ozempic or considering it should be aware of this potential risk. Although there is no recommendation to stop using semaglutide, anyone experiencing sudden vision changes—such as blurred vision, colour distortion, or loss of peripheral vision—should consult a doctor immediately. Open dialogue with healthcare providers is essential to balance the benefits of managing diabetes and weight loss with the risks to eye health.